What is a beta decay equation?

In beta minus decay, a neutron decays into a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino: n Æ p + e – +. In beta plus decay, a proton decays into a neutron, a positron, and a neutrino: p Æ n + e+ +n.

What is the equation for beta?

The formula for calculating beta is the covariance of the return of an asset with the return of the benchmark, divided by the variance of the return of the benchmark over a certain period.

What causes a beta emission?

What causes some radionuclides to emit beta particles? Beta minus particle (β^–) emission occurs when the ratio of neutrons to protons in the nucleus is too high. An excess neutron transforms into a proton and an electron. The proton stays in the nucleus and the electron is ejected energetically.

What does beta emission mean?

In nuclear physics, beta decay (β-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle (fast energetic electron or positron) is emitted from an atomic nucleus, transforming the original nuclide to an isobar. By this process, unstable atoms obtain a more stable ratio of protons to neutrons.

What is negative beta decay?

In beta decay. In electron emission, also called negative beta decay (symbolized β⁻-decay), an unstable nucleus emits an energetic electron (of relatively small mass) and an antineutrino (with little or possibly no rest mass), and a neutron in the nucleus becomes a proton that remains in the product nucleus.

How do you analyze beta?

A beta that is greater than 1.0 indicates that the security’s price is theoretically more volatile than the market. For example, if a stock’s beta is 1.2, it is assumed to be 20% more volatile than the market. Technology stocks and small cap stocks tend to have higher betas than the market benchmark.

What is Alpha Beta Gamma?

Alpha Beta Gamma (ΑΒΓ) is an international business honor society established in 1970 in Manchester, Connecticut to recognize and encourage scholarship among two-year college students in business curricula.

How do you calculate alpha and beta?

Alpha= R – R_f – beta (R_m-R_f) R represents the portfolio return. R_f represents the risk-free rate of return. Beta represents the systematic risk of a portfolio. R_m represents the market return, per a benchmark.

What are the 3 types of beta decay?

Beta decayRadioactivity.Electron capture.Beta-delayed neutron emission.Gamow-Teller decay.Fermi decay.Beta-plus decay.Beta radiation.Beta-minus decay.

Why are beta particles dangerous?

A beta particle is about 8,000 times smaller than an alpha particle — and that’s what makes them more dangerous. Their small size allows them to penetrate clothing and skin. External exposure can cause burns and tissue damage, along with other symptoms of radiation sickness.

How do we use beta radiation?

Beta particles can be used to treat health conditions such as eye and bone cancer and are also used as tracers. Strontium-90 is the material most commonly used to produce beta particles. Beta particles are also used in quality control to test the thickness of an item, such as paper, coming through a system of rollers.

What is the most penetrating radiation?

Gamma radiation

What is the charge of beta radiation?

Beta particles have a charge of minus 1, and a mass of about 1/2000th of a proton. This means that beta particles are the same as an electron.