What is the Lotka Volterra competition model?

The Lotka-Volterra competition model describes the outcome of competition between two species over ecological time. Because one species can competitively exclude another species (Figure 1) in ecological time, the competitively-inferior species may increase the range of food types that it eats in order to survive.

What are three basic assumptions of the Lotka Volterra model?

The model makes several simplifying assumptions: 1) the prey population will grow exponentially when the predator is absent; 2) the predator population will starve in the absence of the prey population (as opposed to switching to another type of prey); 3) predators can consume infinite quantities of prey; and 4) there

How do you calculate predation rate?

As we know, k-value equals to the instantaneous mortality rate multiplied by time. Thus, the predation rate (a) equals to the k-value divided by the duration of experiment. Example: lady-beetle killed 60 aphids out of 100 in 2 days. Then, the k-value = -ln(1-60/100) = 0.92, and a = 0.92/2 = 0.46.

What does the joint equilibrium point of a Lotka Volterra model represent?

What Does The Joint Equilibrium Point Of A Lotka–Volterra Model Represent? A.It Is The Point At Which Both Predator And Prey Populations Become Extinct.

What are three possible results of interspecific competition?

Instead, three potential outcomes can result from strong interspecific competition: competitive exclusion, local extinction and niche differentiation. Competitive exclusion occurs when one species outcompetes another in a part of its habitat so well that the second species is excluded from that part.

What is an example of interspecific competition?

Interspecific competition is a form of competition between different species of the same ecological area. An example of interspecific competition is between lions and leopards that vie for similar prey. Another example is a farm of rice paddies with weeds growing in the field.

What is the predator/prey cycle?

Predator-prey cycles are based on a feeding relationship between two species: if the prey species rapidly multiplies, the number of predators increases — until the predators eventually eat so many prey that the prey population dwindles again. Soon afterwards, predator numbers likewise decrease due to starvation.

What is a zero Isocline?

Any given point along, for example, species 1’s zero isocline represents a combination of abundances of the two species where the species 1 population does not increase or decrease (the zero isocline for a species is calculated by setting dN/dt, the growth rate, equal to zero and solving for N).

What is a predator/prey graph?

Predator-prey cycles The graph shows that there is almost always more prey than predators. It also shows the following patterns: The number of predators increases when there is more prey. The number of prey reduces when there are more predators. The number of predators reduces when there is less prey.

What is a predation rate?

population biology of predation is comprised of two basic. elements: the kill rate and the predation rate (PR) (Holling. 1959; Taylor 1984). Kill rate (KR) is the number of prey. killed per predator per unit time and represents the predator’s.

What is predator/prey oscillation?

Predator-prey cycles are based on a feeding relationship between two species: if the prey species rapidly multiplies, soon afterwards the number of predators increases – until the predators eventually eat so many prey that the prey population goes down again.

Why does predator population lag behind prey?

Why does the predator population lag behind the prey population? The oscillation occurs because as the predator population increases, it consumes more and more prey until the prey population begins to decline. The declining prey population no longer supports the large predator population.

What are two possible outcomes of interspecific competition?

Consumption (of a shared resource) Preemption (sessile – occupation precludes establishment) Over-growth (plants – when one overgrows another) Chemical Interaction (released chemicals inhibit or kill)

Why is interspecific competition important?

To understand the importance of competition in ecological communities. Interspecific competition refers to the competition between individuals of different species for some limiting resource. This phenomenon has the potential to alter populations, communities as well as the evolution of interacting species.